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International

What central banks can do when shocks come from outside

Central bank responses to shocks from abroad

External shocks—ranging from commodity-price spikes, wars, and pandemics to foreign monetary tightening and sudden stops of capital—pose immediate and diverse challenges for central banks. The appropr...

Economy

Why are return policies so generous in many U.S. retail stores?

The challenge of retail scalability in Istanbul’s unique neighborhoods

Istanbul is a megacity of contrasts: dense historic cores, high-tourist corridors, modern business districts, sprawling suburban neighborhoods, and two continents linked by ferries...

Investments and Business

What role does circular economy play in product and packaging innovation?

Why circular economy is essential for product and packaging sustainability

The circular economy represents a holistic economic development framework intended to separate growth from the depletion of limited resources. Within product and packaging innovation, it replaces the traditional linear pattern of take, make, and discard with a regenerative model ...